The minimum bending energy method

bending impact energy absorption

Bending strain energy

Budget of kinetic energy and total potential energy

dissipation of energy and transformation of energy

ratio of hysteretic energy to input energy

saving energy and decreasing energy

saving energy and lowering energy consumption

Saving Energy and Reducing Energy Consumption

3 point bending experiment

3-point bending test

4-nodes plate bending element

4-point bending

90° bending

Absolute maximum bending moment

accumulative roll bending

Adam’s forward bending test

additional bending deformation

Additional bending moment